Quantitative urban climate mapping based on a geographical database: A simulation approach using Hong Kong as a case study     

Liang Chen  Edward Ng 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2011

The urban environment has been dramatically changed by artificial constructions. How the modified urban geometry affects the urban climate and therefore human thermal comfort has become a primary concern for urban planners. The present study takes a simulation approach to analyze the influence of urban geometry on the urban climate and maps this climatic understanding from a quantitative perspective. A geographical building database is used to characterize two widely discussed aspects: urban heat island effect (UHI) and wind dynamics. The parameters of the sky view factor (SVF) and the frontal area density (FAD) are simulated using ArcGIS-embedded computer programs to link urban geometry with the UHI and wind dynamic conditions. The simulated results are synergized and classified to evaluate different urban climatic conditions based on thermal comfort consideration. A climatic map is then generated implementing the classification. The climatic map shows reasonable agreement with thermal comfort understanding, as indicated by the biometeorological index of the physiological equivalent temperature (PET) obtained in an earlier study. The proposed climate mapping approach can provide both quantitative and visual evaluation of the urban environment for urban planners with climatic concerns. The map could be used as a decision support tool in planning and policy-making processes. An urban area in Hong Kong is used as a case study.  相似文献   

Evaluation of classifiers for processing Hyperion (EO-1) data of tropical vegetation     

Dhaval Vyas  N.S.R. Krishnayya  K.R. Manjunath  S.S. Ray  Sushma Panigrahy 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2011

There is an urgent necessity to monitor changes in the natural surface features of earth. Compared to broadband multispectral data, hyperspectral data provides a better option with high spectral resolution. Classification of vegetation with the use of hyperspectral remote sensing generates a classical problem of high dimensional inputs. Complexity gets compounded as we move from airborne hyperspectral to Spaceborne technology. It is unclear how different classification algorithms will perform on a complex scene of tropical forests collected by spaceborne hyperspectral sensor. The present study was carried out to evaluate the performance of three different classifiers (Artificial Neural Network, Spectral Angle Mapper, Support Vector Machine) over highly diverse tropical forest vegetation utilizing hyperspectral (EO-1) data. Appropriate band selection was done by Stepwise Discriminant Analysis. The Stepwise Discriminant Analysis resulted in identifying 22 best bands to discriminate the eight identified tropical vegetation classes. Maximum numbers of bands came from SWIR region. ANN classifier gave highest OAA values of 81% with the help of 22 selected bands from SDA. The image classified with the help SVM showed OAA of 71%, whereas the SAM showed the lowest OAA of 66%. All the three classifiers were also tested to check their efficiency in classifying spectra coming from 165 processed bands. SVM showed highest OAA of 80%. Classified subset images coming from ANN (from 22 bands) and SVM (from 165 bands) are quite similar in showing the distribution of eight vegetation classes. Both the images appeared close to the actual distribution of vegetation seen in the study area. OAA levels obtained in this study by ANN and SVM classifiers identify the suitability of these classifiers for tropical vegetation discrimination.  相似文献   

A study of supervised classification accuracy in fuzzy topological methods     

Wenzhong Shi  Kimfung Liu  Hua Zhang 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2011

The multiple classifier system (MCS) is an effective automatic classification method, useful in connection with remote sensing analysis techniques. Combining MSC with induced fuzzy topology enables a decomposition of image classes. This fuzzy topological MCS then provides a new and improved approach to classification. The basic classification methods discussed in this paper include maximum likelihood classification (MLC), minimum distance classification (MIND) and Mahalanobis distance classification (MAH).  相似文献   

A Dutch multi-date land use database: Identification of real and methodological changes     

Gerard W. Hazeu  Arnold K. Bregt  Allard J.W. de Wit  Jan G.P.W. Clevers 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2011

Land cover and land use are important information sources for environmental issues. One of the most important changes at the Earth's surface concerns land cover and land use. Knowledge about the location and type of these changes is essential for environmental modeling and management. Remote sensing data in combination with additional spatial data are recognized as an important source of information to detect these land cover and land use changes.  相似文献   

Improving the assessment of ICESat water altimetry accuracy accounting for autocorrelation     

Hani Abdallah  Jean-Stéphane Bailly  Nicolas Baghdadi  Nicolas Lemarquand 《ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing》2011,66(6):833-844

Given that water resources are scarce and are strained by competing demands, it has become crucial to develop and improve techniques to observe the temporal and spatial variations in the inland water volume. Due to the lack of data and the heterogeneity of water level stations, remote sensing, and especially altimetry from space, appear as complementary techniques for water level monitoring. In addition to spatial resolution and sampling rates in space or time, one of the most relevant criteria for satellite altimetry on inland water is the accuracy of the elevation data. Here, the accuracy of ICESat LIDAR altimetry product is assessed over the Great Lakes in North America. The accuracy assessment method used in this paper emphasizes on autocorrelation in high temporal frequency ICESat measurements. It also considers uncertainties resulting from both in situ lake level reference data. A probabilistic upscaling process was developed. This process is based on several successive ICESat shots averaged in a spatial transect accounting for autocorrelation between successive shots. The method also applies pre-processing of the ICESat data with saturation correction of ICESat waveforms, spatial filtering to avoid measurement disturbance from the land–water transition effects on waveform saturation and data selection to avoid trends in water elevations across space. Initially this paper analyzes 237 collected ICESat transects, consistent with the available hydrometric ground stations for four of the Great Lakes. By adapting a geostatistical framework, a high frequency autocorrelation between successive shot elevation values was observed and then modeled for 45% of the 237 transects. The modeled autocorrelation was therefore used to estimate water elevations at the transect scale and the resulting uncertainty for the 117 transects without trend. This uncertainty was 8 times greater than the usual computed uncertainty, when no temporal correlation is taken into account. This temporal correlation, corresponding to approximately 11 consecutive ICESat shots, could be linked to low transmitted ICESat GLAS energy and to poor weather conditions. Assuming Gaussian uncertainties for both reference data and ICESat data upscaled at the transect scale, we derived GLAS deviations statistics by averaging the results at station and lake scales. An overall bias of −4.6 cm (underestimation) and an overall standard deviation of 11.6 cm were computed for all lakes. Results demonstrated the relevance of taking autocorrelation into account in satellite data uncertainty assesment.  相似文献   

应用改进欧拉算法解算磁性目标空间位置参数     

卞光浪  翟国君  刘雁春  黄谟涛  欧阳永忠 《测绘学报》2011,40(3):386-392

指出目前磁性目标探测中常规欧拉方法存在的局限性,提出在欧拉窗口内视地磁场和其他目标干扰异常联合影响为线性变化,将构造指数作为动态变化参数代入欧拉方程一并求解,并利用多元线性回归方法解决了欧拉方程非线性问题.在质量控制方案中,根据构造指数和目标深度变化规律,给出离散欧拉解滤波措施;采用层次聚类分析方法对滤波后欧拉解进行分...  相似文献   

面向地籍业务流程的OA办公系统的构建     

王晨懿  王绘  刘艳霞  赵薇 《四川测绘》2011,(5):215-218

地籍调查是地政管理重要工作环节,根据地籍调查业务流程,建立OA办公系统,系统地管理和组织各种地籍调查数据,控制地籍工作任务的整个处理过程,引导任务的参与者按照已定义的规则来协同完成整个工作业务,对于系统地组织地籍调查工作具有重要的现实意义。本文从工作实际出发,理清地籍调查的业务流程,进行系统分析,在此基础上设计OA系统功能模块,搭建系统构架。最终,希望通过面向地籍业务流程的地籍OA系统的建设,推动地籍调查工作进入业务流程化、办公自动化、管理信息化的阶段。  相似文献   

加权总体最小二乘在三维基准转换中的应用   总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2  

袁庆  楼立志  陈玮娴 《测绘学报》2011,(Z1):115-119

对比研究加权总体最小二乘(weighted total least-squares,WTLS)方法和混合最小二乘(LS-TLS)方法、最小二乘(least-squares,LS)方法在三维空间小角度直角坐标转换中的适用性。在两套坐标系下坐标测量值均存在误差时,用WTLS方法不但可以对观测向量y和系数矩阵A同时修改、将坐标先验精度引入平差计算,而且引入的权阵PA对系数阵A起到固定常数元素而只修改必要数据元素的作用,以得到更合适的参数解。  相似文献   

X射线脉冲星导航中脉冲轮廓的频偏和时延算法   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

费保俊  潘高田  姚国政  杜健 《测绘学报》2011,(Z1):126-132

观测轮廓与标准轮廓的频率偏差和时间延迟是X射线脉冲星导航的两个观测量,讨论其计算方法并提出如下改进意见:①对探测器的最小分辨时间作进一步的时间细分,在每一个小的时间间隔内接收的光子数可以假设满足二项分布,再对观测轮廓叠加可以求得更高精度的频偏;②将实际观测轮廓分为理想轮廓及其偏差两部分,而TOA是指理想轮廓与标准轮廓的时延,Sala等人提出的用相关函数求TOA方法仅对理想轮廓成立;③如果实际轮廓在测量过程中形状不变,则偏差产生的TOA估计误差为一常数。在此基础上提出实际观测轮廓的TOA估计方法,其计算精度小于探测器的最小分辨率。  相似文献   

基于切割环分解的三维建筑物细节层次模型构造   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨必胜  姜少波 《测绘学报》2011,40(5)

提出一种基于切割环分解的建筑物LOD（细节层次）模型的自动生成方法,该方法首先通过二面角操作算子识别建筑模型中的切割环,然后通过切割环将建筑物模型迭代分割成建筑主体和一系列细部特征,并将分割的结果存储在一棵构造实体几何树（CSG tree）中,最后对特征部件按重要性进行等级划分,同时进行简化处理。试验结果表明该方法具有较高的计算效率,能有效减少模型表面的细节和较好保持模型的结构特征。  相似文献